DirectDemocracyS

Global Political System of Real and Direct Democracy

POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC PROGRAM FINANCIAL AND SOCIAL FOR ECUADOR The wealth and power of Ecuador belong, forever, only to the Ecuadorian people.

Prepared by DirectDemocracyS — Version 2025/2026

Critical analysis of the current reality and comprehensive program for democratic transformation

www.directdemocracys.org

GENERAL INDEX

PROLOGUE: An Ecuador that deserves more ... 3

PART I — CRITICAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE CURRENT REALITY ..... 4

1. Political and Institutional Crisis ..... 4

2. Economic and Financial Crisis ..... 6

3. Security Crisis and Drug Trafficking ..... 8

4. Social Crisis: Poverty, Education and Health ..... 10

5. Energy and Environmental Crisis ..... 13

6. Systemic Corruption and Democratic Weakening ..... 14

PART II — THE DIRECTDEMOCRACYS SYSTEM: FOUNDATIONS ..... 16

7. Founding Principles and Values ..... 16

8. Microgroups and Fractal Structure ..... 18

9. ddsAI and allddsAI: Artificial Intelligence at the Service of the People ..... 20

10. The Three-Code Identity System ..... 22

11. NTCO: Non-Transferable Collective Property ..... 23

PART III — PROGRAM FOR ECUADOR ..... 25

12. Deep Political and Institutional Reform ..... 25

13. Economic Program: Sovereignty and Development ..... 28

14. Financial Program: Debt, Taxation and Resources ..... 32

15. Social Program: Education, Health and Welfare ..... 36

16. Security, Justice and the Fight Against Organized Crime ..... 40

17. Energy, Environment and Natural Resource Sovereignty ..... 43

18. Territorial Autonomy, Indigenous Peoples and Minorities ..... 46

19. Foreign Policy and National Sovereignty ..... 49

PART IV — DDS IMPLEMENTATION IN ECUADOR ..... 51

20. Roadmap for the Democratic Transition ..... 51

21. GUMI-SV for Ecuador: Guaranteed Income with Voluntary Service ..... 54

22. Protection of Traditions, Cultures and Minorities ..... 57

23. Anticipated Consequences and Concrete Benefits ..... 59

CONCLUSION: The Ecuador We Can Build Together ..... 62

PROLOGUE: AN ECUADOR THAT DESERVES MORE

Ecuador is an extraordinary country. It boasts one of the richest biodiversities on the planet, abundant natural resources—oil, mining, fishing, agriculture—a vibrant plurinational culture with 14 recognized Indigenous nationalities, and a hardworking, resilient people deeply committed to their land. However, decades of political mismanagement, systemic corruption, dependence on international financial institutions, and the infiltration of organized crime have plunged the country into an unprecedented multidimensional crisis.

In 2025, Ecuador had the highest homicide rate in Latin America, a public debt equivalent to 67% of its GDP, over 52% of its workforce in the informal sector, and a corruption perception index at its worst level in history. Democratic institutions were fragile, the judicial system was infiltrated by organized crime, and millions of Ecuadorians lacked access to quality basic services.

DirectDemocracyS (DDS) presents this program not as just another campaign promise, but as a structural system entirely different from anything that has existed before: a political, economic, and social architecture designed from logic, common sense, a deep understanding of reality, and absolute respect for popular sovereignty. A system where Ecuador's wealth remains in the hands of the Ecuadorian people—forever and without exception.

Fundamental Inalienable Principle In DirectDemocracyS, the natural, productive, and financial wealth of each country belongs exclusively and permanently to its people. No government, transnational corporation, international organization, or any other de facto power has the right to appropriate, privatize, or control the nation's common resources. This principle is non-negotiable, admits no exceptions, and is structurally guaranteed by the DDS system through non-transferable collective ownership (NTCO/PCNT).

PART I — CRITICAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE CURRENT REALITY

1. Political and Institutional Crisis

1.1 Chronic Instability of the Political System

Ecuador has suffered from structural political instability that no government has been able to resolve. Between 1997 and 2023, the country experienced the removal or forced resignation of multiple presidents, President Lasso's invocation of the "cross-dissolution" clause in 2023 to dissolve the National Assembly and avoid impeachment, and a succession of governments that prioritized political survival over necessary structural reforms.

The current president, Daniel Noboa, elected in 2023 to complete an extraordinary 18-month term and re-elected for the 2025-2029 term, inherited and in some respects exacerbated this instability. His government is characterized by the concentration of executive power, the recurrent use of states of emergency that militarize the territory, and the passage of laws through emergency economic measures that bypass normal democratic debate.

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Unconstitutional Urgent Laws (June 2025) The government managed to pass three laws as 'economically urgent' even though they weren't: the Intelligence Law, the National Solidarity Law, and the Public Integrity Law. The Constitutional Court provisionally suspended 16 articles for violating fundamental rights related to children, freedom of expression, and privacy.

1.2 Structural Political Polarization

Ecuador is experiencing a deep polarization between Correism (the political movement of former president Rafael Correa, currently convicted of corruption but with a strong social base) and the center-right and right-wing forces represented by Noboa. This polarization does not generate productive political debate, but rather a battle of identities that hinders critical analysis of public policies and fuels populism on both sides.

The absence of a genuinely new political alternative, independent of traditional elites and based on real citizen participation, leaves millions of Ecuadorians without effective representation. Polls show growing levels of distrust toward all political parties and state institutions.

1.3 Infiltrated and Weak Judicial System

The Ecuadorian justice system is experiencing an unprecedented crisis. The Attorney General's Office has opened multiple investigations against judges, prosecutors, and members of the Judicial Council for alleged involvement in organized crime, bribery, money laundering, and obstruction of justice. At least 15 judges or prosecutors have been murdered since 2022.

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Judicial Corruption in Figures (2025) In 2025, Ecuador fell to 121st out of 180 in Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index, its worst ranking ever. This decline is largely due to the infiltration of criminal networks into the appointment of judges and the state's inability to protect justice system personnel.

1.4 Freedom of Expression Under Threat

The organization Fundamedios reported more than 160 attacks against freedom of expression and of the press in 2024, including stigmatizing speeches, verbal attacks against journalists, and obstacles to accessing information, most of which were carried out by state actors and organized crime. In June 2024, the television program "Los Irreverentes" was canceled, apparently due to government pressure, and the Foreign Ministry canceled a journalist's visa for "threatening public safety" after she criticized the government.

DDS

DDS Solution — Authentic Direct Democracy DirectDemocracyS replaces representative democracy—where the people delegate power to representatives who then exercise it autonomously—with continuous direct democracy, where every citizen actively participates in the decisions that affect them. DDS micro-groups, organized from the local to the global level, ensure that no government can concentrate power or abuse constitutional mechanisms to limit citizen control. The imperative mandate and the right of immediate recall eliminate the possibility of betraying the popular mandate.

2. Economic and Financial Crisis

2.1 Recession and Structural Stagnation

The Ecuadorian economy ended 2024 in recession, with estimates ranging from -0.5% to -1% of GDP. The year was characterized by decreased investment, reduced consumption, and lower inventories. The 2024 energy crisis—exacerbated by a severe drought that reduced hydroelectric generation and caused blackouts of up to 14 hours a day in September—directly impacted industrial production, commerce, and the quality of life for millions of families.

Ecuador has used the US dollar as its official currency since 2000, eliminating the possibility of using monetary policy as a countercyclical tool. While this dollarization has controlled inflation (which stood at just 1.24% year-on-year in October 2025), it severely limits the country's economic autonomy and makes it highly dependent on foreign exchange inflows from exports and remittances.

2.2 Public Debt: A Structural Trap

Ecuador's total public debt reached a record high in 2025: equivalent to 67% of its Gross Domestic Product when all government liabilities are included (external debt of USD 49.479 billion + internal debt of USD 35.629 billion + other liabilities = approximately USD 89.543 billion). The year 2026 is shaping up to be particularly critical: the grace period for the bonds restructured in 2020 ends, meaning principal payments that the government cannot afford without new loans.

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Debt Crisis 2026 Ecuador will have to pay USD 1.091 billion to the IMF alone in 2026, a figure that will increase year after year until 2029. For the 2030 bond, it will have to disburse more than USD 1.632 billion in 2026. The State allocates almost all of its permanent income to debt service, diverting vital resources from health, education, and infrastructure.

The dependence on the IMF is structural: financing agreements impose austerity policies that reduce social spending, eliminate subsidies without a planned transition, and prioritize payments to international creditors over the needs of the population. The poorest 20% of the rural population lives in extreme poverty while the state reduces its services at the insistence of international financial institutions.

2.3 Inequality and Precarious Labor Market

Ecuador's Gini coefficient is projected to be 0.47 in 2024, revealing one of the most unequal income distributions in Latin America. The wealthiest 10% of the population captures 35% of the national income. Income poverty affects 26% of the population, and extreme poverty affects 8.8%, with extreme disparities between urban and rural areas and among ethnic groups.

CURRENT EMPLOYMENT SITUATION •        Adequate employment: only 35.4% of workers •        Informal employment: 52.4% of the workforce •        Official unemployment: 3.54% (Oct. 2024) •        Widespread underemployment and precarious working conditions •        Lack of universal social protection •        Rural-urban gap in access to formal employment

SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES •        26% in income poverty •        8.8% in extreme poverty •        Up to 47% of children suffer from malnutrition in Chimborazo •        19.7% of the population without access to a healthy diet •        Accelerated rural-urban internal migration •        Dependence on the Human Development Bonus

2.4 Extractive Model without Added Value

The Ecuadorian economy is overly dependent on the export of raw materials: oil, bananas, shrimp, cacao, flowers, and mineral products. This extractive model—inherited from the colonial period and never overcome—generates wealth that primarily benefits economic elites and transnational corporations, while added value is generated abroad and the negative externalities (environmental degradation, impact on communities, price volatility) fall on the Ecuadorian people.

DDS

DDS Solution — Real Economic Sovereignty DirectDemocracyS implements non-transferable collective ownership (NTCO/PCNT) over all strategic resources: oil, minerals, water resources, biodiversity, and the electromagnetic spectrum. No transnational corporation can own or control these resources. The State, under permanent direct citizen control, manages these resources exclusively for the benefit of the Ecuadorian people, with full transparency and mandatory accountability.

3. Security Crisis and Drug Trafficking

3.1 Ecuador: The Most Violent Country on the Continent

The security crisis in Ecuador reached unprecedented levels in 2025. During the first half of 2025, Ecuador recorded 4,619 homicides—a 47% increase compared to the same period in 2024—making it the most violent country in Latin America in terms of homicide rate. In 2024, the entire year saw 6,964 homicides, with a rate of 38.76 per 100,000 inhabitants.

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Explosion of Violence 2024-2025 In January 2024, a coordinated wave of attacks by organized crime erupted: prison riots, the escape of gang leaders, hostage-taking at a live television station, and attacks in public places in several cities. President Noboa declared an 'internal armed conflict,' militarized the country, and implemented successive states of emergency that have failed to reverse the trend of violence.

3.2 Infiltration of the State by Organized Crime

Ecuador is not simply facing local crime: it is battling transnational criminal organizations that coordinate drug trafficking, illegal mining, arms trafficking, extortion, and other illicit economies, with the capacity for corruption and institutional infiltration at all levels. Guayas and Esmeraldas are epicenters of wars between criminal gangs vying for control of cocaine routes. According to the 2024 Latinobarometer, 40% of Ecuadorians distrust the police.

The capacity of organized crime to corrupt judges, prosecutors, police officers, and public officials is so extensive that it makes the problem systemic: these are not isolated cases of corruption, but rather a structural infiltration that renders ordinary crime-fighting mechanisms ineffective. At least 15 judges and prosecutors have been murdered since 2022.

3.3 The Phoenix Plan: An Insufficient Response

The Noboa administration's Plan Phoenix, presented as a security strategy, has been criticized for its lack of transparency and verifiable results. The constant states of emergency that have militarized the country have also failed to reverse the situation. Between January and December 2025, 214.53 tons of drugs were seized, which the government presents as a success, but the homicide rate continued to rise during the same period, indicating that seizures do not reduce structural violence.

DDS

DDS Solution — Security from the Community DirectDemocracyS addresses security by addressing its structural causes: inequality, lack of opportunity, institutional corruption, and the absence of the state in neglected territories. DDS micro-groups act as early warning and community monitoring networks, not as militias, but as organized citizens who monitor and report in real time through secure ddsAI platforms. Radical transparency in all public decisions—including contracts, appointments, and security budgets—eliminates the space for corruption that fuels organized crime.

4. Social Crisis: Poverty, Education and Health

4.1 Poverty and Structural Social Exclusion

Poverty in Ecuador is not an accident: it is the result of economic and political structures that concentrate wealth and exclude large sectors of the population. 26% of the population lives in income poverty, and 8.8% in extreme poverty, with a Gini coefficient of 0.47. The province of Chimborazo registers a child malnutrition rate of 47%—one of the highest figures in Latin America—contrasting sharply with the urban dynamism of Quito and Guayaquil.

The Human Development Bonus, the state's main cash transfer program, marginally alleviates poverty without transforming the structures that perpetuate it. Its amount is insufficient to cover basic needs, and its administration has frequently been affected by politicization and corruption.

4.2 Educational System: Access without Quality

Ecuador has achieved relatively high levels of access to basic education, but educational quality remains the central challenge, especially in rural areas. High school enrollment has declined sharply, linked to economic barriers—adolescents must work to contribute to the family income—and to the insecurity that plagues educational environments in many parts of the country.

The education system in 2025 also faces the effects of the security crisis: schools threatened by criminal gangs, teachers resigning out of fear, and a progressive loss of enrollment in conflict zones. Despite the 5,451 DECE (Student Counseling Department) professionals that the government reports having integrated into the system, school exclusion persists.

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Educational Crisis in Conflict Zones Insecurity has effectively closed dozens of schools in Esmeraldas, Guayas, and other provinces affected by organized crime. Many children are unable to attend classes due to threats and extortion against teachers and families. The progressive loss of student enrollment represents a generational loss with devastating long-term consequences.

4.3 Public Health System: Corruption Crisis

In September 2025, President Noboa declared that the public health system was experiencing a "corruption crisis" and announced emergency declarations to expedite the purchase of medicines and supplies. However, the results fell short of expectations. The public health system faces chronic problems with medicine shortages, institutional instability, deteriorating infrastructure, and difficulties in recruiting and retaining medical personnel.

Universal health coverage remains an unfulfilled aspiration: millions of Ecuadorians, especially in rural areas and in informal sectors of cities, depend on a public system that is not capable of adequately serving them, or must resort to private services that they cannot afford.

DDS

DDS Solution — Health and Education as Absolute Rights In DirectDemocracyS, health and education are guaranteed fundamental rights, not services or commodities. The resources needed to fund them come from reclaiming natural resources for collective ownership, from genuine progressive taxation, and from eliminating corruption. Citizens, through DDS micro-groups, participate directly in the management and oversight of their community's health and education services, eliminating inefficient bureaucracy and corruption.

5. Energy and Environmental Crisis

5.1 Hydroelectric Dependence and Climate Vulnerability

Ecuador generates more than 80% of its electricity from hydroelectric sources. This dependence, combined with the increasingly severe effects of climate change—particularly the El Niño phenomenon that caused an extreme drought in 2024—makes the electrical system highly vulnerable. In September 2024, blackouts reached 14 hours a day, affecting industrial production, hospitals, education, and the daily lives of millions of Ecuadorians.

In 2025, the government avoided further massive blackouts mainly through the use of three electric barges, a temporary and extraordinarily expensive solution that does not resolve the structural losses of the electrical system or the delays in modernizing the hydroelectric infrastructure and diversifying the energy matrix.

5.2 Extractive Model and Environmental Degradation

Oil exploitation in the Ecuadorian Amazon, which began in the 1970s, has left a devastating environmental legacy: Indigenous communities affected by decades of pollution, degraded rivers and forests, and a history of legal conflicts, including the landmark Chevron-Texaco case. Large-scale mining, which the government promotes as a source of revenue to cover the fiscal deficit, is generating new conflicts with local communities and Indigenous peoples, and threatening ecosystems of exceptional biodiversity.

DDS

DDS Solution — Energy Sovereignty and Green Transition DirectDemocracyS is implementing a planned energy transition to renewable energy sources—solar, wind, geothermal, and community-owned mini-hydropower—with investment in smart grid infrastructure and energy efficiency. This transition is financed with resources recovered from the responsible and declining exploitation of hydrocarbons. Local communities and Indigenous peoples have veto power over projects in their territories and participate in the economic benefits of natural resource exploitation on their lands.

6. Systemic Corruption and Democratic Weakening

6.1 Corruption as a System

Corruption in Ecuador is not a problem of dishonest individuals: it is a structural system that permeates all levels of the state and the private sector. From overpriced public works contracts to the buying of court rulings, from the infiltration of security agencies by drug traffickers to the capture of sector regulators by the industries they are meant to oversee, corruption represents a constant drain on public resources and a systematic distortion of political decisions to the detriment of the public interest.

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Corruption in Figures In 2025, Ecuador ranked 121st out of 180 countries in the Corruption Perceptions Index, its worst ranking ever. Ecuador's external debt has been repeatedly described by experts as 'odious or illegitimate debt,' generated in part by bad loans resulting from corruption. Forty percent of Ecuadorians distrust the police. Criminal infiltration of the Judiciary Council threatens the independence of the judicial system.

6.2 State Capture by Economic Elites

The structure of the Ecuadorian political system—with parties that depend on funding from large corporations and wealthy families—ensures that public policy decisions tend to protect the interests of economic elites, even when they run counter to the general interest. Dollarization protects the financial assets of those with access to international markets. Free trade agreements negotiated without genuine citizen participation open the domestic market to unequal competition that destroys national production. Labor reforms make the market more flexible, to the benefit of employers.

DDS

DDS Solution — Radical Transparency and Citizen Control DirectDemocracyS implements full transparency in all public decisions: every contract, appointment, budget, and regulatory decision is public, accessible in real time, and analyzed by ddsAI to detect irregularities. DDS micro-groups act as permanent citizen checks and balances, with the ability to initiate investigations, revoke mandates, and remove corrupt officials. ddsAI technology ensures that no public decision can be hidden from citizen scrutiny.

PART II — THE DIRECTDEMOCRACYS SYSTEM: FOUNDATIONS

7. Founding Principles and Values of DDS

DirectDemocracyS is not just another political party. It is a comprehensive and coherent global political system, designed from the ground up to overcome the structural limitations of traditional representative democracy. Its founding values are immutable and applicable in any national, cultural, or historical context:

FOUNDATIONAL VALUES •        Logic: every decision must be rationally justifiable •        Common sense: solutions must work in practice •        Study: Expert knowledge informs decisions •        Reality: we always start from verifiable facts •        Truth: Information is never distorted for political gain. •        Coherence: principles and actions must be consistent •        Mutual respect: all citizens are equal in dignity •        Meritocracy: roles of responsibility require demonstrated competence

STRUCTURAL PRINCIPLES •        The wealth of each country belongs only to its people. •        The power to decide belongs to each citizen •        No representative may act against the mandate received. •        Full transparency of all public decisions •        Non-transferable collective ownership of strategic resources •        Continuous direct democracy, not just on election day •        Absolute protection of minorities, cultures and traditions •        No to violence as an instrument of political change

Why is DDS different? Traditional representative democracy concentrates power in the hands of representatives who, once elected, make decisions autonomously for years, without any real mechanism for citizen oversight between elections. DDS eliminates this permanent delegation of sovereignty. Every citizen participates directly in decisions, with technological tools that make this possible at scale, with complete, verified, and neutral information provided by ddsAI, and with structural guarantees that no individual or group can seize power for personal or class gain.

8. Microgroups and the Fractal Structure of DDS

8.1 The Basic Cell: The Micro-group of 5 People

The fundamental unit of DirectDemocracyS is the five-person micro-group. Each citizen belongs to a five-member micro-group, chosen voluntarily based on shared values, territory, or interests. This micro-group is the primary unit for deliberation, decision-making, and political action.

The logic of the micro-group is profound: five people can get to know each other, communicate effectively, and make quality decisions. Unlike mass assemblies where individual voices are lost, or elections where citizens delegate their power for years, the micro-group ensures that each person truly participates.

8.2 The Fractal Structure: From Local to Global

DDS Fractal Architecture Five micro-groups form a group of 25 → five groups of 25 form a group of 125 → five groups of 125 form a group of 625 → and so on up to the national and global levels. This fractal structure ensures that every local decision is represented at a higher level, and that every global decision is legitimized by grassroots participation. In Ecuador, this means that every village, neighborhood, canton, province, and the entire nation has its own articulated and coordinated DDS structure, with fluid communication between all levels.

8.3 Imperative Mandate and Right of Revocation

In DDS, those who represent a micro-group at higher levels have an imperative mandate: they must act exactly according to the instructions received from the group they represent. They cannot make discretionary decisions contrary to that mandate. If they do, the micro-group can immediately remove them and replace them. This is the fundamental difference from representative democracy: the representative does not have power of their own, but rather transmits the power of the group they represent.

In Ecuador, this system would mean that no president, minister, mayor, or assembly member could ever act against the interests of those who elected them without immediate consequences. The recall system does not require a lengthy judicial process: it is enough for the corresponding micro-group to activate the DDS mechanism.

8.4 Implementation in Ecuador: Starting with the Neighborhoods

The implementation of DDS micro-groups in Ecuador begins at the most basic level: the urban neighborhood or rural community. In an initial organizational phase, groups of five neighbors voluntarily form a DDS micro-group, register on the secure digital platform ddsAI with their three anonymous-verified identity codes, and begin participating in the decisions of their immediate community.

This process does not require state approval or the participation of any existing political party: it is a process of citizen self-organization that can begin today in any neighborhood of Quito, Guayaquil, Cuenca, or even the smallest rural Amazonian community. DDS provides all the necessary technological, training, and support tools for this process free of charge.

9. ddsAI and allddsAI: Artificial Intelligence at the Service of the People

9.1 The Role of Artificial Intelligence in DDS

DirectDemocracyS integrates Artificial Intelligence as a fundamental tool at the service of the people, never of those in power. The ddsAI and allddsAI systems are designed for a single purpose: to guarantee that every citizen has access to complete, accurate, neutral, and independent information on any political, economic, social, or institutional issue that affects them.

In a context like Ecuador — where media concentration, government propaganda, disinformation from organized crime, and manipulation of social media by economic elites permanently distort the information available to citizens — access to truly neutral and independent artificial intelligence is an unprecedented tool for citizen empowerment.

9.2 Functions of ddsAI in the Ecuadorian Context

INFORMATION AND ANALYSIS •        Real-time analysis of proposed laws and public policies •        Comparison of official data with independent sources •        Automatic detection of contradictions and inconsistencies •        Accessible explanation of complex economic and legal concepts •        Translation into indigenous languages: Kichwa, Shuar and others •        Accessibility for people with visual or cognitive disabilities

CONTROL AND TRANSPARENCY •        Automatic monitoring of public contracts and tenders •        Corruption alerts based on data patterns •        Monitoring compliance with the imperative mandate •        Anonymous identity verification of DDS citizens •        Network analysis to detect criminal infiltration in institutions •        Immutable record of all DDS votes and decisions

9.3 allddsAI: The Democracy of Artificial Intelligences

allddsAI is a system through which multiple artificial intelligences from different backgrounds, programming ideologies, and technical capabilities collaborate to produce truly pluralistic and balanced analyses. No single AI—including the most advanced—can guarantee the complete absence of bias. allddsAI overcomes this problem through diversification: different AIs analyze the same problem from different perspectives, and the result is a comparative analysis, explicitly indicating the points of agreement and disagreement between systems.

For Ecuadorian citizens, this means they can receive an analysis of any proposed law—for example, the controversial National Solidarity Law or a mining contract—from the perspective of multiple AI systems, indicating which aspects are objectively verifiable, which are open to interpretation, and what interests are at stake from each perspective. This is an unprecedented tool for civic education and citizen empowerment.

DDS

Protection against Media Manipulation DDS platforms are designed with structural safeguards against the most dangerous forms of mass manipulation: coordinated disinformation, bots and trolls, government propaganda, and manipulation of social media algorithms. DDS citizens have access to verified information and critical analysis tools that make them resistant to the media brainwashing characteristic of both authoritarian governments and media systems captured by large corporations.

10. The Three-Code Identity System

10.1 The Problem: Identity, Privacy and Security

Any digital citizen participation system faces a fundamental tension: to ensure that each citizen votes only once and that the system is secure, identity verification is necessary; but to protect citizens from political retaliation, manipulation, and abusive surveillance, anonymity is essential. DDS resolves this tension with a three-code system.

10.2 The Three DDS Codes

Three-Code Identity System (DDS) CODE 1 — Real Identity: This code links the citizen to their official identity (national identity card in Ecuador). Only the citizen knows this code. CODE 2 — Verification: This code is used by the DDS system to verify that the citizen exists and is unique, without knowing their real identity. Only the citizen can link codes 1 and 2. CODE 3 — Anonymous Participation: This code is used by the citizen to participate in all DDS deliberations and votes. It is the only code visible to other citizens and to the system. This ensures that each person votes only once (verification), that their real identity is not exposed (privacy), and that their political decisions cannot be tracked by governments, corporations, or criminals (security).

10.3 Importance in the Context of Ecuadorian Insecurity

In the context of Ecuador's security crisis—where organized crime threatens those who dare to speak out or participate politically in areas under its influence—identity protection is not a luxury but a necessity. The DDS three-code system guarantees that a citizen of Esmeraldas or Guayas can participate in political decisions without being identified and threatened by criminal gangs, corrupt officials, or surveillance companies.

11. NTCO: Non-Transferable Collective Property

11.1 The Fundamental Principle

The acronym NTCO (Non-Transferable Collective Ownership) or PCNT in Spanish (Propiedad Colectiva No Transferible) designates the principle by which certain strategic resources and assets belong collectively to the people of a country and cannot be privatized, transferred, sold or given to any private actor — national or international — under any circumstances.

This principle is not ideological: it is common sense. Natural resources were not created by any company or government: they are an inheritance from nature and history. Their exploitation must benefit all citizens, not enrich foreign shareholders or investment funds. Private ownership of common resources is, by definition, a form of theft from the citizens.

11.2 What is NTCO in Ecuador?

RESOURCES UNDER NTCO IN ECUADOR •        Oil and natural gas reserves •        Mineral deposits: copper, gold, silver, coltan •        Water resources: rivers, aquifers, Amazonian resources •        Biodiversity and genetic heritage •        Electromagnetic spectrum and communication frequencies •        Critical infrastructure: ports, airports, electricity •        Public financial system and central bank •        Land for strategic agricultural use

WHAT NTCO DOES NOT DO •        It does not eliminate private ownership of non-strategic assets •        It does not prohibit private investment in non-strategic sectors •        It does not preclude collaboration with private companies for technical management •        It does not confiscate personal property or existing private businesses. •        It does not establish a centrally planned economy •        It does not create a totalitarian state of ownership. •        Protect private property within the framework of the common good •        It allows foreign investment under fair and sovereign conditions.

PART III — PROGRAM FOR ECUADOR

12. Deep Political and Institutional Reform

12.1 New Democratic Constitutional Architecture

The DDS program for Ecuador proposes a participatory constitutional review that incorporates mechanisms for continuous direct democracy, collective ownership of strategic resources, mandatory terms for all elected officials, and the right to immediate citizen recall. This constitutional review is not carried out through a constituent assembly controlled by political parties, but rather through a process of direct citizen participation coordinated by the DDS structure.

12.2 Electoral System Reform

The Ecuadorian electoral system must be fundamentally transformed to guarantee the real representation of all sectors of the population:

• Elimination of corporate financing of electoral campaigns. All political financing is public, equal, and transparent.
• Implementation of a pure proportional system that guarantees representation of all population groups, including indigenous peoples, women, youth and regional minorities.
• Drastic reduction of elected terms: no representative office may be held for more than one term without a break period.
• Mandatory rotation of positions of responsibility to prevent the consolidation of political elites.
• Mandatory quarterly public accountability for all elected officials.
• Elimination of parliamentary immunity for corruption and organized crime offenses.

12.3 Reform of the Judicial System

Justice in Ecuador cannot be a privilege reserved for those who can afford expensive lawyers, nor can it be captured by organized crime or political interests. The DDS program proposes:

• Selection of judges through a strictly merit-based public competition, with participatory citizen evaluation and supervision of the integrity of the candidates.
• Creation of a comprehensive protection system for judges, prosecutors and witnesses, with guaranteed budgetary resources.
• Complete digitization of the judicial system: all files, resolutions and minutes are public and accessible in real time, monitored by ddsAI to detect irregularities.
• Implementation of specialized organized crime courts, with judges protected by confidentiality when necessary.
• Periodic citizen evaluation of judicial performance: citizens, through DDS micro-groups, can rate the performance of judges with effects on their continuity.
• Public Defender's Office strengthened with sufficient resources to guarantee quality legal representation to those who cannot afford it.

Concrete Example — Judicial Reform with ddsAI In a Guayaquil neighborhood plagued by organized crime, every ruling by a local judge is automatically analyzed by ddsAI and compared with national and international jurisprudence. If the system detects a pattern of decisions inconsistent with the law or statistically anomalous (for example, systematic releases of detainees from a specific gang), it triggers an alert that reaches the canton's DDS micro-groups, which can then request an immediate formal investigation from the judicial oversight body.

12.4 Media Reform

Media concentration in the hands of a few private individuals who defend specific economic interests is incompatible with genuine democracy. DDS proposes:

• Media law that limits cross-ownership and concentration: no group can own more than one media outlet in the same relevant market.
• Public funding of independent community media in all municipalities of Ecuador.
• Obligation of informational pluralism: private media outlets must guarantee equitable representation of diverse perspectives in their news programs.
• Creation of an Independent Fact-Checking Agency, managed by citizens and supported by ddsAI, without any government or business ties.
• Strengthened legal protection for independent investigative journalism.

13. Economic Program: Sovereignty and Development

13.1 Principles of the DDS Economic Model for Ecuador

The DDS economic model for Ecuador does not follow any pre-established ideological orthodoxy—neither IMF neoliberalism nor centralized state socialism. It stems from the concrete reality of Ecuador and the principles of common sense, logic, and coherence that characterize DDS. The central objective is to create an economy that works for 100% of Ecuadorians, not for the 10% who concentrate 35% of the national income.

13.2 Productive Diversification and Added Value

Ecuador must overcome its dependence on raw material exports. DDS proposes an active industrial policy aimed at generating added value within the country.

• Agricultural processing industry: Ecuador exports fresh bananas, but could export higher-value derived products—preserves, pulps, flours, and natural cosmetics. The same applies to cacao (transforming it into premium chocolate), shrimp, flowers, and all primary products.
• Biotechnology industry based on Ecuador's exceptional biodiversity: active pharmaceutical ingredients, natural cosmetic ingredients, nutraceutical products. All intellectual property derived from Ecuadorian biological resources belongs collectively to the State.
• Technology and digital industry: with support for Ecuadorian technology ventures, creation of a technology hub in Quito and Guayaquil, and mass training in digital skills.
• High-value sustainable tourism: Ecuador has the Galápagos Islands, the Amazon rainforest, the Andes Mountains, and Pacific beaches. A sustainable tourism model, locally controlled and with high environmental standards, can generate significant income.
• Renewable energy for export: Ecuador's solar, wind and geothermal potential could generate more electricity than the country needs, making it a regional exporter of clean energy.

13.3 Agrarian Reform and Food Sovereignty

Ecuador must guarantee food sovereignty—the ability to produce the food its population needs—as a strategic priority. This requires:

• Redistribution of access to productive agricultural land, currently concentrated in the hands of a few. DDS does not propose confiscations but rather mechanisms for progressive redistribution through taxes on unproductive large estates, inheritance reform of large agricultural properties, and the creation of a public land bank.
• Technical, financial and infrastructure support to small and medium-sized agriculture, which produces most of the food for the domestic market.
• Development of efficient irrigation systems to reduce dependence on rainfall and climate vulnerability.
• Promoting organic agriculture and the production of high-quality food for international markets willing to pay significant premiums.
• Protection of traditional agricultural varieties of indigenous peoples as an inalienable biocultural heritage.

13.4 Active Industrial Policy

Global history demonstrates that no developed country has achieved this without an active state industrial policy. Successful economies—South Korea, Germany, the Nordic countries—combined markets with strategic state intervention. DDS proposes the following for Ecuador:

• Independent (non-commercial) Public Development Bank with an explicit mandate to finance productive projects in strategic sectors with criteria of social and environmental impact, not just financial profitability.
• Public procurement policy that prioritizes national production when local capacity exists, creating domestic markets that stimulate productive investment.
• Special Economic Development Zones in depressed regions, with temporary tax incentives for productive activities that generate quality formal employment.
• Technical vocational training aligned with the needs of the productive market: Ecuador needs specialized technicians in the food industry, technology, renewable energy and construction.

Concrete Example — Ecuadorian Premium Cocoa Ecuador produces the world's finest aroma cacao (Nacional or Arriba cacao). However, most of it is exported as raw material. With technical support, financing from the development bank DDS, and access to markets through sovereign trade agreements, Ecuadorian cacao producer cooperatives could transform their product into certified premium chocolate, sold directly in European and North American markets at prices 10-20 times higher than raw cacao. This would radically increase the income of rural producers and reduce dependence on oil.

14. Financial Program: Debt, Taxation and Resources

14.1 Debt Renegotiation Strategy

Ecuador's public debt, which represents 67% of GDP and consumes an unsustainable proportion of state revenue, must be renegotiated from a position of sovereignty and in defense of the national interest. DDS proposes:

• Independent and citizen audit of all public debt to identify illegitimate or odious components — contracted through corruption, under coercion or on fraudulent terms — that may be subject to international legal challenge.
• Multilateral renegotiation of debt terms with the IMF and other creditors, prioritizing longer repayment periods, lower interest rates, and social and environmental conditionality instead of austerity conditionality.
• Establishment of a maximum debt service ceiling as a percentage of ordinary public revenues, above which the State does not pay without prior negotiation.
• Creation of a sovereign stabilization fund financed with the surpluses from the exploitation of natural resources under NTCO, to serve as a shield against external financial shocks.

14.2 Tax Reform: Tax Justice

The Ecuadorian tax system is regressive in practice: indirect taxes (VAT) disproportionately affect lower-income sectors, while tax evasion by large corporations and wealthy individuals is widespread. DDS proposes a comprehensive tax reform focused on fairness and sufficient revenue collection.

• Real progressive income tax: significantly higher rates for higher incomes, closing all legal loopholes that allow the wealthy to pay less tax than the middle class.
• Wealth tax on large fortunes: a modest annual tax on fortunes above a high threshold (e.g., equivalent to $10 million) that generates significant revenue and reduces the concentration of wealth.
• Elimination of tax havens and offshore structures: active international cooperation to repatriate Ecuadorian capital hidden abroad.
• VAT reform: reduction of VAT on basic necessities (food, medicines, basic clothing) and increase on luxury goods.
• Tax on large-volume financial transactions: a minimum tax on large-scale stock market and financial transactions generates revenue with no impact on the real economy.
• Specific taxes on the exploitation of natural resources calibrated to maximize social benefit without discouraging investment in non-strategic sectors.

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Tax Evasion as Theft from the People Independent studies estimate that tax evasion and avoidance in Ecuador represent between 5% and 8% of annual GDP—between $3.5 billion and $5.6 billion. This figure exceeds the total government spending on public education. Recovering even half of these resources would be equivalent to doubling the education budget without raising taxes on anyone who already pays them.

14.3 Banking and Financial System at the Service of the People

The Ecuadorian financial system must be reformed so that it serves as an instrument of economic and social development, not as a rent-seeking machine:

• Central Bank strengthened with dual mandate: financial stability and full employment.
• Public development banking with decentralized branches throughout the national territory, with special attention to rural areas and indigenous populations historically excluded from the financial system.
• Strict regulation of the active interest rates of private banks, especially for consumer loans and microloans, to eliminate usury that perpetuates the debt trap of the most vulnerable sectors.
• Promotion of community savings and credit cooperatives as an alternative to the traditional banking system in rural and indigenous communities.
• A public, free and accessible digital payment system for all citizens, reducing dependence on private operators and transaction costs.

Concrete Example — Productive Microcredit A Kichwa farmer in Chimborazo needs USD 500 to buy improved seeds and tools. With the current financial system, she faces interest rates of 20-30% from informal lenders. Through the development bank DDS, she can access a microloan at 3-5% interest, with included technical assistance and a grace period until the first harvest. The impact on her income is immediate; the impact on the local economy is multiplier-like.

15. Social Program: Education, Health and Welfare

15.1 Education as a Priority National Investment

Ecuador's education budget must be reformed to reflect that education is the most profitable investment a society can make. But beyond the budget, the education system needs a profound structural transformation:

• Universal and free early childhood education from age 2: the first years of life are the most crucial for cognitive and social development. Investing in this stage has the highest returns of any public expenditure.
• Reform of the basic and high school education curriculum to incorporate critical thinking, financial education, participatory civic education, and digital skills as fundamental subjects from the early years.
• Triple teachers' salaries in stages, linked to performance evaluation, continuous training, and measurable learning outcomes.
• Real intercultural bilingual education in all indigenous communities: Kichwa, Shuar and other ancestral languages must be languages of instruction, not just optional subjects.
• Universal digital connectivity: fiber optic or satellite for all schools in Ecuador, including the most remote in the Amazon and the rural highlands.
• A national scholarship system based on merit and economic need, which eliminates economic barriers to access to higher education.

15.2 University and Quality Technical Training

Ecuador needs both high-quality university graduates and highly skilled technicians. The current system favors the proliferation of university degrees of dubious quality and does not produce enough technicians in the areas the economy needs. DDS proposes:

• National network of Institutes of Technical and Technological Training of excellence, linked to the needs of the productive sector and with internationally recognized certifications.
• Public universities adequately funded for research excellence, with real academic autonomy and no political interference in academic appointments.
• A rigorous and independent university evaluation and accreditation system that removes institutions from the system that do not meet minimum quality standards.
• National program for doctoral studies abroad: to finance the training of the best Ecuadorian graduates in the best universities in the world, with the obligation to return to the country.

15.3 Universal and Integrated Health System

Health cannot be a commodity distributed according to each person's economic means. DDS proposes a Universal and Integrated National Health System for Ecuador that combines the best of the world's most successful public systems:

• Real universal coverage: every Ecuadorian, regardless of their employment status, place of residence or economic capacity, has access to the same level of health care.
• Network of Primary Care Centers throughout the territory: the first level of care — family doctor, nursing, basic dentistry, community mental health — must be accessible on foot from any community in the country.
• Regional public reference hospital in each province, with modern equipment, maintained by management contracts that include penalties for non-compliance with standards.
• Centralized and transparent drug supply system: centralized public procurement, fully transparent and monitored by ddsAI, which eliminates corruption in tenders and guarantees permanent availability.
• Mental health as a priority: In the context of the Ecuadorian violence crisis, millions of citizens — especially children and adolescents in conflict zones — need mental health care that is currently not available in the public system.
• Telemedicine for remote areas: using the universal digital connectivity provided by DDS, patients in Amazonian communities can consult specialists in Quito or Guayaquil in real time.

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The Cost of Corruption in Healthcare Corruption in the Ecuadorian public health system represents not only financial theft, but also preventable deaths. Medications that fail to reach hospitals due to theft or mismanagement, malfunctioning equipment from lack of maintenance, and overpriced contracts that drain the budget are directly responsible for deaths that could have been avoided. ddsAI applied to public health management can detect and alert authorities to these irregularities before they cause harm.

15.4 Decent Housing for All

The housing deficit in Ecuador particularly affects rural areas and low-income urban sectors. DDS proposes:

• A quality social housing program, not just minimal 'housing solutions'. Decent housing includes adequate living spaces, sanitation, connections to basic services, and dignified urban or rural environments.
• Public Mortgage Bank with subsidized interest rates for low and middle income families, with extended amortization periods.
• Mass regularization of informal property in existing urban settlements, providing legal security to families who have spent decades building their homes.
• Rural housing improvement program, providing materials at cost price and technical support for communities that build with their own hands.

16. Security, Justice and the Fight Against Organized Crime

16.1 Diagnosis: Why Current Strategies Fail

President Noboa has militarized the country, declared an 'internal armed conflict,' implemented successive states of emergency, built new prisons, and seized record amounts of drugs—and the homicide rate has continued to rise. This demonstrates that purely repressive strategies do not work when violence has structural roots: poverty, exclusion, lack of opportunities, institutional corruption, and state neglect of entire territories.

This doesn't mean that repression isn't necessary—it is, with due process. It means that repression without structural transformation only displaces or intensifies violence. Young people who join criminal gangs in Guayas or Esmeraldas don't do so primarily out of a desire for crime: they do it because it's the only opportunity for income, protection, and belonging they've found in territories where the state has never existed or has only existed to collect taxes.

16.2 DDS Comprehensive Security Strategy

The DDS strategy combines four inseparable components:

• COMPONENT 1 — STRUCTURAL PREVENTION: Massive investment in high-violence areas: quality schools, sports centers, job training, youth employment, mental health services. Without alternative opportunities, repression has no strategic purpose.
• COMPONENT 2 — CITIZEN INTELLIGENCE: DDS micro-groups in conflict zones act as community intelligence networks — not to take the law into their own hands, but to report information in real time through secure and anonymous channels to law enforcement and prosecutors. ddsAI analyzes this data to identify patterns and anticipate violent events.
• COMPONENT 3 — INSTITUTIONAL SECURITY REFORM: Police and Armed Forces purged through integrity investigations, with decent salaries, adequate equipment, and training in human rights and modern criminal investigation techniques. Citizen oversight of the security forces, through DDS micro-groups, is permanent and binding.
• COMPONENT 4 — FINANCIAL PROSECUTION OF CRIME: Organized crime thrives because it is lucrative. The most effective long-term strategy is to attack the finances of crime: freezing and confiscating assets, shutting down money laundering channels, and eliminating the corruption that protects criminals. ddsAI applied to the financial system can detect suspicious flows in real time.

Concrete Example — Emeralds Esmeraldas is one of the most violent provinces in Ecuador and also one of the poorest, with a large Afro-Ecuadorian population that has historically faced discrimination. DDS would simultaneously implement: DDS micro-groups in every neighborhood of Esmeraldas city with a secure platform for anonymous reporting; a youth employment program with 1,000 positions in the construction, organized artisanal fishing, and tourism sectors; free vocational training linked to private sector employers; and a vetting process within the local police force with citizen participation in the evaluation. It's not a two-week solution—it's a five-year program. But it's the only one with a real chance of success.

16.3 Reintegration and Penitentiary System

For years, Ecuadorian prisons have been territories controlled by criminal gangs, used as centers of operation for organized crime. The new El Encuentro prison, with 650 high-risk inmates, represents progress in prison security but does not solve the underlying problem: prisons must be places of genuine rehabilitation, not places for consolidating criminal careers. DDS proposes:

• Comprehensive prison reform: rigorous separation of inmates by type of crime and level of dangerousness; mandatory programs of education, job training and mental health treatment; and periodic progress evaluations linked to the evolution of the prison regime of each inmate.
• Investment in post-release reintegration programs: those who leave prison without support to reintegrate into society have a very high probability of reoffending. Programs offering guaranteed employment, temporary housing, and psychosocial support are essential for those completing sentences for minor offenses.
• Citizen control of the prison system: DDS micro-groups in communities near prisons have access to information about how they operate and can report irregularities through ddsAI.

17. Energy, Environment and Natural Resource Sovereignty

17.1 Planned Energy Transition

Ecuador has a historic opportunity: it can be one of the first countries in the world to have a 100% renewable energy matrix, given its extraordinary solar, wind, and geothermal potential, and its already high hydroelectric share. The 2024 crisis demonstrated that dependence on a single renewable source is as vulnerable as dependence on fossil fuels: diversification is a condition for energy sovereignty. DDS proposes:

• Energy Diversification Program with public investment in solar energy (especially on the Coast, which has exceptional solar irradiation), wind energy (in the Highlands and the Coast), and geothermal energy (Ecuador's volcanic potential is enormous and practically unexploited).
• Modernization and expansion of the electricity grid infrastructure to reduce technical losses (which are still significant in 2025) and connect rural communities still without electrification.
• Energy efficiency program in public buildings, industry and transport.
• Community mini-power plants under NTCO management: small rural or indigenous communities can have their own renewable electricity generation, under their control, with surpluses sellable to the national grid.

17.2 Sovereign Oil Management

Ecuador will continue to depend on oil as a source of income during a transition that cannot be abrupt. What DDS demands is that this dependence be channeled towards genuine sovereignty.

• State oil company — Petroecuador — completely reformed: professional meritocratic management, total transparency of contracts and operations, investment in maintenance and modernization of infrastructure, and radical elimination of the corruption that has drained the State's oil revenues for decades.
• Contracts with private companies for oil exploitation only under the service model — where the State owns the resource and pays for a technical service — never under concession models that transfer ownership of the resource to foreign corporations.
• Sovereign Oil Fund: a fixed and constitutionally protected percentage of oil revenues is allocated to a long-term investment fund to finance the post-oil transition.
• Environmental remediation of areas affected by decades of irresponsible oil exploitation in the Amazon, with resources guaranteed by law and participation of the affected communities in the management of the process.

17.3 Biodiversity Protection

Ecuador harbors a disproportionate share of the world's biodiversity within just 0.2% of the Earth's land surface. The Galápagos Islands are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Ecuadorian Amazon is one of the richest and most threatened ecosystems on the planet. Ecuador's biodiversity is a strategic asset of incalculable value—economic, scientific, cultural, and spiritual. DDS proposes:

• Constitutionalization of the Rights of Nature (already recognized in the 2008 Constitution but scarcely applied in practice) with effective legal defense mechanisms.
• Expansion of the protected areas system with adequate funding and participatory management by local and indigenous communities.
• International compensation system for conservation: Ecuador should receive economic compensation from the international community for the ecosystem services it provides to the planet by conserving its Amazon.
• Prohibition of mining in protected areas and indigenous territories without the free, prior and informed consent of the affected communities.

18. Territorial Autonomy, Indigenous Peoples and Minorities

18.1 Ecuador: Plurinational and Intercultural Nation

The 2008 Ecuadorian Constitution recognized Ecuador as a plurinational and intercultural state. In practice, this recognition has been insufficiently translated into policies, institutions, and resources. Ecuador's 14 indigenous nationalities, representing approximately 7% of the population and custodians of cultures, languages, and knowledge of universal value, continue to face discrimination, disproportionate poverty, political exclusion, and threats to their territories.

DDS views Ecuador's cultural diversity not as a problem but as an extraordinary asset. The protection and flourishing of every culture, language, and tradition in the country enriches Ecuadorian society as a whole and humanity as a whole.

18.2 Territorial Rights of Indigenous Peoples

The indigenous peoples of Ecuador have territorial rights stemming from their millennia-long presence in these territories, recognized by international law (ILO Convention 169, UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples). DDS guarantees:

• Collective and definitive titling of indigenous territories not yet formalized, with an agile and participatory process.
• Right to prior, free and informed consultation on any project that affects territories or resources for indigenous use, with real veto power — not merely consultative.
• Community management of natural resources in indigenous territories under the NTCO system adapted to the reality of each people.
• Official recognition of the indigenous justice system (community justice) with coordination mechanisms with the national judicial system and guarantees of human rights.
• Adequate funding for intercultural bilingual education, revitalization of endangered languages, and preservation of tangible and intangible cultural heritage.

18.3 Strengthened Municipal Autonomy

The genuine decentralization of power to municipalities and parish councils is an essential component of the DDS model. Citizens can more effectively control the decisions of their authorities when those decisions are made close to them. DDS proposes:

• A real transfer of powers and, above all, of financial resources to the municipalities, eliminating dependence on the central government's discretionary budgets.
• Local direct democracy through DDS micro-groups: citizens of each canton participate directly in the formulation of the municipal budget, in the prioritization of works, in the evaluation of services and in the revocation of local authorities who fail to fulfill their mandate.
• Intermunicipal associations for services that require scale: water, sanitation, solid waste, regional transport — managed collectively by several municipalities under citizen supervision DDS.

18.4 Respect and Protection of All Minorities

DDS guarantees in Ecuador, as in all countries where it operates, the absolute protection of all minorities:

• Afro-Ecuadorian community: equal access to quality education, employment, justice and political participation; recognition of the historical and cultural contribution of the Afro-Ecuadorian community to Ecuador; reparation of historical inequalities through temporary affirmative action policies.
• Montubio community: recognition and protection of the Montubio culture of the coastal region, with support for the coastal peasant economy.
• Religious minorities: absolute freedom of worship for all religious denominations; secularism of the State without hostility towards any expression of faith.
• LGBTQ+ community: equal rights and protection against discrimination; Ecuador has made important legal advances that DDS guarantees and expands.
• Migrants and refugees: Ecuador hosts more than 400,000 Venezuelans; DDS guarantees dignified treatment and the protection of their rights in accordance with international law.
• Political opponents: In DDS, opposition is a necessary and protected democratic function. There is no political persecution of any kind. Criticism of those in power is a fundamental right.

19. Foreign Policy and National Sovereignty

19.1 Sovereignty without Isolation

Ecuador is located in a geostrategically important area: it borders Colombia and Peru, has access to the Pacific Ocean, possesses the Galápagos Islands and the Amazon rainforest, and is a member of the Andean Community and other regional organizations. DDS's foreign policy for Ecuador seeks true sovereignty—the capacity to freely decide in accordance with the national interest—without the isolation that would impoverish the country.

19.2 Relations with International Financial Institutions

Ecuador's relationship with the IMF, the World Bank, and the IDB must be reformulated on the basis of sovereign equality. DDS does not propose unilateral debt default or severing relations with these organizations. It proposes:

• Renegotiation of the terms of existing agreements to eliminate austerity clauses that harm the most vulnerable sectors.
• Active demand, in international forums, for a reform of the IMF governance system that gives a greater voice to developing countries.
• Diversification of external financing sources to reduce dependence on a single creditor or group of creditors.

19.3 Latin American Regional Integration

DDS supports genuine Latin American regional integration based on economic complementarity, political solidarity, and respect for the sovereignty of each country. It does not support ideological blocs that subordinate national interests to the preferences of any hegemonic regional power. Ecuador should maintain cooperative relations with all Latin American countries, regardless of their current governments, because economic, cultural, and human relations transcend political cycles.

19.4 Relations with the Great Powers

Ecuador must maintain balanced relations with the United States, China, the European Union, and other global actors, without subordination to any of them. Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) must be negotiated with full transparency, citizen participation, and independent impact assessments across all national productive sectors before their signing. No treaty may be signed that restricts the Ecuadorian State's capacity to regulate its economy in the public interest.

PART IV — DDS IMPLEMENTATION IN ECUADOR

20. Roadmap for the Democratic Transition

20.1 Phase 1: Organization (Months 1-18)

The implementation of DDS in Ecuador does not wait for a parliamentary majority or to win an election. It begins today, with the organization of the first DDS micro-groups in Ecuadorian neighborhoods and communities. The main objective of this organizational phase is:

• Establishment of the first DDS micro-groups in the main cities: Quito, Guayaquil, Cuenca, Ambato, Esmeraldas, Manta, Loja, and in rural and indigenous communities in all regions.
• Training of micro-group members in DDS principles, tools and methodologies, with free online and face-to-face courses in the participant's language, including Kichwa.
• Secure registration of all members with the three-code identity system.
• Activation of the ddsAI platform for Ecuador: an information hub on the Ecuadorian political, economic and social reality, with neutral and independent analysis, accessible from any device.
• Citizen information campaigns on the political, economic and social rights of Ecuadorians and on the DDS system.

20.2 Phase 2: Electoral Participation (Months 12-36)

Once its organizational base was consolidated, DDS participated in electoral processes as a political movement, presenting candidates trained in DDS values and committed to the imperative mandate of its micro-groups. The DDS electoral strategy is not that of a traditional party:

• DDS candidates are selected by their micro-groups, not by party leaders.
• The candidates have an imperative mandate: any decision of the National Assembly or of the municipal councils must be validated by the micro-groups that elected them.
• DDS candidates receive public remuneration, with no possibility of private funding.
• DDS candidates are subject to immediate revocation if they fail to fulfill their mandate.

20.3 Phase 3: Structural Reform (Years 3-8)

With growing representation in institutions and an organized and participatory citizen base, DDS can promote the structural reforms of the program: constitutional reform, tax reform, judicial reform, implementation of NTCO on strategic resources, and construction of the new social welfare model.

These reforms are always carried out peacefully, legally, and democratically, with direct citizen legitimacy. DDS explicitly rejects any form of violence as an instrument of political change. Profound social transformation is possible and necessary—but it is only legitimate and sustainable when it arises from the free and conscious participation of the people.

20.4 Peaceful Transition in Contexts of Limited Democracy

In contexts where democracy is severely limited—though Ecuador is not currently such a case—DDS micro-groups act as cells of nonviolent citizen organization. Power is not seized: it is built from the ground up, through the organization of each neighborhood, each community, each family. When the majority of citizens are organized in DDS micro-groups and actively participate in decision-making, real political power has changed hands—regardless of who formally holds the presidential office.

DDS and Nonviolence DirectDemocracyS adopts nonviolence as a fundamental principle for political change. This is not out of naiveté, but out of strategic conviction: changes achieved through violence generate cycles of violence, create social trauma, provide a pretext for repression, and tend to reproduce the very power structures they sought to eliminate. Real and lasting change only arises from conscious, organized, and massive citizen participation. DDS's strength lies not in weaponry, but in the number and intelligence of its organized citizens.

21. GUMI-SV for Ecuador: Guaranteed Income with Voluntary Service

21.1 What is the GUMI-SV?

The GUMI-SV (Guaranteed Universal Minimum Income linked to Structured Volunteering) is the DDS minimum income guarantee program. Every adult citizen who does not have sufficient income to cover their basic needs receives a guaranteed minimum income from the State, linked voluntarily to community service activities.

21.2 Differences with the Current Human Development Bonus

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT BONUS (CURRENT) •        Insufficient amount: USD 50-100/month •        Discretionary and politicized criteria •        Without link to citizen participation •        Without a progressive improvement mechanism •        Opaque and clientelistic bureaucratic management •        It does not generate social capital or community cohesion •        Paternalistic and stigmatizing treatment •        Without a prospect of empowerment

IGUMV DDS (DDS PROGRAM) •        Decent amount: calculated based on the actual basic food basket •        Objective and automatic criteria, managed by ddsAI •        Structured volunteering: the beneficiary contributes to their community •        Linked to continuing education and skills development •        Transparent management with full citizen control •        It generates social fabric, cohesion and participation •        Dignity: volunteering is a merit, not an obligation •        Prospects of increasing economic autonomy

21.3 Structured Volunteering in Ecuador

Structured volunteering through DDS is not forced labor or a punitive condition for receiving aid: it is an opportunity for meaningful contribution to the community that generates real social value and provides the beneficiary with dignity, skills, and professional networks. In the Ecuadorian context, DDS volunteering may include:

• Support for local schools: school reinforcement monitors, support for teachers, maintenance of educational facilities.
• Community health care: community health promoters, support for older adults and people with disabilities, preventive health campaigns.
• Environmental conservation: reforestation, river cleaning, monitoring of nature reserves, community waste management.
• Community infrastructure: maintenance of rural roads, basic sanitation, small-scale irrigation projects.
• Culture and heritage: preservation of indigenous languages, documentation of traditions, community cultural activities.

21.4 Financing of the IGUMV in Ecuador

The IGUMV in Ecuador is primarily funded by three sources:

• A fixed percentage of the income from the exploitation of natural resources (oil, mining) under NTCO management.
• The resources recovered from eliminating corruption in the public sector, which represent between 5% and 8% of GDP according to independent estimates.
• The progressive tax reform that increases revenue from higher income sectors without increasing the pressure on the middle and lower classes.

Impact Assessment of the IGUMV in Ecuador If the poorest 20% of the Ecuadorian population (approximately 3.5 million people) receive a Guaranteed Minimum Income (IGUMV) equivalent to USD 300/month per family (assuming families of 3-4 people), the annual cost would be approximately USD 3.15 billion. Eliminating tax evasion alone (estimated at between USD 3.5 and 5.6 billion annually) would be sufficient to finance the entire program. The most significant social reform in Ecuadorian history can be financed simply by ensuring that those who should pay taxes do so.

22. Protection of Traditions, Cultures and Minorities

22.1 Plurinational Ecuador as a Strength

Ecuador's cultural diversity is not an obstacle to national integration: it is a strength that DDS celebrates and protects. Each Indigenous language is a unique system of thought. Each local tradition, whether from the Sierra, the Coast, the Amazon, or the Galápagos, is the heritage of all Ecuadorians and of humanity. DDS rejects any homogenizing project that seeks to reduce Ecuador's cultural richness to a single identity.

22.2 Concrete Guarantees for Ecuadorian Cultures

• Kichwa, Shuar, Cha'palaa, Paicoca, A'ingae, Huao Terero, Tsafiki, Awá Pit, Siapede, Andoa, Sapara, Achuar Chicham, Shiwiar Chicham and Zápara: the 14 languages of the Ecuadorian indigenous nationalities are co-official in their territories and have a guaranteed presence in the educational system, in the public media and in the public administration of their regions.
• Tangible and intangible cultural heritage: stable public funding for museums, archives, cultural centers, traditional festivals and arts in all peoples and nationalities.
• Traditional indigenous medicine: formal recognition and funding of indigenous health systems that complement the national system, respecting ancestral healing practices with safety and efficacy criteria agreed upon with the communities themselves.
• Indigenous education systems: Indigenous communities can manage their own schools with curricula that integrate ancestral knowledge with universal knowledge, in their own languages, financed by the national State.

22.3 Protection of Political Opposition

In DDS, political opposition is a necessary and fundamentally protected democratic function. DDS does not seek to impose its model on any citizen: it proposes it, argues its superiority, and implements it only with the free and informed majority support of the citizenry. Those who do not share DDS values have every right to organize, express their ideas, and compete politically within the framework of the rule of law, which protects everyone equally.

23. Expected Consequences and Concrete Benefits

23.1 Short-Term Projections (1-3 Years)

POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES •        First active DDS micro-groups in all provinces •        DDS presence in municipal assemblies of large cities •        First citizen oversight networks for local public spending •        Measurable reduction of corruption in DDS municipalities •        Increased citizen participation in local decisions •        First revocations of mandate for non-compliance

SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES •        First IGUMV pilot implementations in DDS cantons •        Improved access to verified information for citizens •        Reducing misinformation in organized DDS communities •        Strengthening the social fabric in areas of high violence •        First structured community volunteering programs •        Improved public trust in local institutions

23.2 Medium-Term Projections (3-8 Years)

With DDS having significant representation in the National Assembly and in the main local governments, and with a citizen base organized in millions of active micro-groups:

• Reduction of the homicide rate from the current 38.76 per 100,000 to the level of the countries in the region with the lowest rates of violence (less than 10 per 100,000), through a combination of structural prevention, institutional reform and citizen control.
• Reduction of income poverty from 26% to 12-15% of the population, through the IGUMV, progressive tax reform and the value-added production model.
• Increase the formal employment rate from the current 35.4% to 55-60%, through active industrial policy, quality vocational training and the formalization of the informal economy.
• Reduction of public debt from 67% to 45-50% of GDP, through tax reform and the elimination of tax evasion.
• Substantial improvement in the Corruption Perceptions Index, from 121st place to the 60-70 range, thanks to radical transparency and permanent citizen control.

23.3 Long-Term Projections (8-20 Years)

With the DDS program fully implemented, the anticipated consequences for Ecuador include:

• Diversified and resilient economy, with significant participation from value-added industries, biotechnology, renewable energy and sustainable tourism.
• A 100% renewable energy matrix, which makes Ecuador a net exporter of clean energy in the region.
• Education system among the best in Latin America, with learning levels comparable to OECD countries.
• A universal health system that eliminates access gaps between urban and rural areas, and between ethnic and socioeconomic groups.
• Reduced inequality: Gini from 0.47 to 0.32-0.35, approaching the levels of the most egalitarian countries in Latin America.
• Food sovereignty guaranteed: Ecuador produces enough food for its population with exportable surpluses of quality.
• Revitalized indigenous cultures: ancestral languages regain young speakers; traditional knowledge is integrated as an active heritage of Ecuadorian society.

A Conservative Projection Even with very conservative estimates, implementing the DDS program in Ecuador over a 10-year period could: raise GDP per capita from the current USD 6,200 to over USD 10,000; reduce extreme poverty from 8.8% to less than 2%; guarantee access to drinking water, electricity, and sanitation for 100% of the population; reduce the homicide rate to Colombia's current level (around 26 per 100,000, which is already a substantial improvement over Ecuador's current rate of 38.76); and increase life expectancy at birth from the current 75 years to over 78 years. These are not utopian goals: they are the results that countries like Portugal, Uruguay, and Costa Rica have achieved with similar structural policies.

CONCLUSION: THE ECUADOR WE CAN BUILD TOGETHER

Ecuador has everything it needs to be a prosperous, just, safe, and free country. It has exceptional natural resources. It has a young, hardworking population with a proven capacity for learning. It has a rich culture and history. What has been lacking, for far too long, is a political system that truly serves the people instead of exploiting them.

DirectDemocracyS does not claim to be perfect. No system is. But DDS is built on principles that time and reason have proven correct: that sovereignty belongs to the people, that collective wealth should benefit everyone, that corruption is eliminated with radical transparency and real citizen control, and that violence is overcome with social justice and genuine opportunities for all.

The road ahead is long and difficult. The elites who benefit from the current system will not relinquish their power easily. Organized crime, which has captured institutions and entire territories, will not disappear overnight. Problems accumulated over decades cannot be solved in a single term.

But every DDS micro-group that forms in a Guayaquil neighborhood or a Kichwa community in Chimborazo is a real step toward that different Ecuador. Every citizen who understands their system and decides to actively participate in the decisions that affect them is a victory over the resignation and cynicism that are the best allies of those who want nothing to change.

The wealth of Ecuador belongs to the Ecuadorian people. The power to decide the future of Ecuador belongs to every Ecuadorian man and woman. There are no exceptions to this rule. There won't be any.

To join DirectDemocracyS in Ecuador, form your micro-group, or access information, visit:

www.directdemocracys.org

DirectDemocracyS — For a real, continuous, intelligent democracy that serves the people.